What selection-type test items reduce the probability of guessing correct responses when taking a written test?

The selection-type test items that reduce the probability of guessing correct responses are best represented by fill-in-the-blank items. This format requires the test-taker to recall specific information rather than simply recognizing an answer from a list of choices, which is inherent in multiple-choice, matching, and true-false formats.

In a fill-in-the-blank question, the test-taker must produce an answer from memory, making it less likely to randomly select the correct response. This format demands a higher level of cognitive engagement, as it assesses recall rather than recognition. Consequently, the potential for guessing is significantly minimized, as test-takers who are unsure will struggle to come up with a response.

Other formats, like multiple-choice or true-false, present answers for the test-taker to choose from, allowing for a greater chance of guessing correctly even without full knowledge of the material. Matching questions also fall into a similar category as they require the pairing of items, which can sometimes lead to successful guessing if the test-taker can eliminate obvious wrong answers. Thus, fill-in-the-blank testing is the format that most effectively reduces guessing and evaluates a learner's knowledge and recall.