What part of a multiple-choice test includes the question, statement, or problem?

The stem is the component of a multiple-choice test that presents the question, statement, or problem that the test-taker needs to respond to. It serves as the foundation for the answer options that follow. The stem sets the context for what the examiners are trying to evaluate, allowing students to use their knowledge to choose the most appropriate answer from the provided choices. It is essential for clarity in understanding what is being asked, ensuring that the test accurately measures the test-taker's knowledge or skills related to the subject matter.

Other components like the response, root, or choice refer to different elements of the test format. The response usually identifies the answers selected by test-takers, while the choice denotes the various answer options from which a test-taker can select. The root is not a standard term used in multiple-choice assessments in this context. Thus, understanding the role of the stem is crucial for both constructing effective multiple-choice questions and for analyzing how well a test measures knowledge.